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Table 1 Substrates, functions, and pathological evidence of F-box proteins involved in EMT during cancer progression

From: Emerging role of F-box proteins in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cells in human cancers

F-box protein

Substrates

Cancer types

Functions

References

β-TrCP

Snail, β-catenin, Twist

Breast cancer, lung cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and cervical cancer

Oncoprotein or tumor suppressor; inhibits EMT, migration, and invasion

[63, 64, 71,72,73,74,75]

FBXW7

Snail, MMPs, mTOR, RhoA

Lung cancer, gastric cancer, renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma

Tumor suppressor; inhibits EMT, invasion, and metastasis; and increases sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs

[39,40,41,42,43,44, 50,51,52, 136]

SKP2

p27, Twist

Melanoma, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, and prostate cancer

Oncoprotein; promotes cell growth, EMT, and invasion; and increases drug resistance

[84, 86, 87, 139]

FBXL5

Snail1

Gastric cancer and cervical cancer

Tumor suppressor; inhibits EMT and metastasis

[92, 94, 95]

FBXL14

Snail1, Slug, Twist, Sip1

Head and neck cancer

Tumor suppressor; inhibits EMT and metastasis

[97, 98]

FBXO2

None

Gastric cancer

Oncoprotein; promotes proliferation, metastasis, and EMT

[127]

FBXO11

Snail

Breast cancer and gastric cancer

Tumor suppressor; inhibits cell growth, EMT, and metastasis; induces apoptosis

[102,103,104]

FBXO22

Snail

Breast cancer

Tumor suppressor; inhibits EMT and metastasis

[131]

FBXO31

Snail1

Gastric cancer

Tumor suppressor; inhibits cell growth and EMT

[135]

FBXO32

MyoD, CtBP1

Urothelial carcinoma and breast cancer

Induces apoptosis and inhibits EMT in urothelial carcinoma; promotes EMT and metastasis in breast cancer cells

[113, 114]

FBXO45

Snail1, Snail2, Twist1, ZEB1, ZEB2

Prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, and pancreatic cancer

Tumor suppressor or oncoprotein; inhibits EMT

[122,123,124]