Fig. 5

ESC-Exos can ameliorate aging-related angiogenic dysfunction induced by D-gal. HUVECs were treated with D-gal to induce senescence, followed by treatment with ESC-Exos or PBS, and young HUVECs were set as the control. a IF staining against Ki67 was performed to assess the proliferative capacity of HUVECs. n = 3 per group. Scale bar, 50 μm. b Quantification of the number of ki67-positive cells in (a). n = 3 per group. ***P < 0.001 Aged versus Young group; ^###P < 0.001 Aged-Exos versus Aged group. Wound healing assay (c, d) (scale bar, 100 μm) and transwell assay (e, f) (scale bar, 100 μm) revealed that ESC-Exos treatment could recover the compromised migratory ability of aged HUVECs. n = 3 per group. ***P < 0.001 Aged versus Young group; ^###P < 0.001 Aged-Exos versus Aged group. g Representative images of the tube formation assay in young HUVECs or aged HUVECs after treatment with ESC-Exos or PBS. n = 3 per group. Scale bar, 200 μm. h Quantitative analyses of the total tube length and branch points. n = 3 per group. ***P < 0.001 Aged versus Young group; ^###P < 0.001 Aged-Exos versus Aged group