Fig. 4

Interleukin6 (IL-6), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA expression (a–c, real-time PCR) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (gad65) protein expression (d–f, Western blotting) 4 weeks after spinal cord injury (SCI) in the experimental groups. IL-6 (a); BDNF (b); GDNF (c); AQP4 (d, f); gad65 (e, f); western bolt band of AQP4 and gad65 (f), Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. ^≠p < 0.05 and ^≠≠p < 0.01, ^≠≠≠p < 0.001, vs control group, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, vs. SCI group and vehicle, ^$$p < 0.01, ^$$$p < 0.001vs laser group