Table 4 Extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells promote angiogenesis in stroke
EVs source | EVs type | EVs isolation | Experimental model (target cells/animal models) | Functional cargo | Molecules/pathways activated | Key functions/downstream genes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BM-MSCs | Unclear | 0.22-μm pore membrane filtration PEG ultrafiltration Centrifugation | In vivo (male C57BL6 mice/MCAO model) | / | / | Formation of new endothelial cells | Doeppner et al. [12] |
BM-MSCs | Exosomes | 0.2-μm pore membrane filtration Differential centrifugation Ultracentrifugation | In vivo (male Wistar rats/MCAO model) | / | / | Promote angiogenesis after stroke | Xin et al. [118] |
ADSCs | Exosomes | Total exosome isolation kit | In vitro (BMECs) In vivo (male Wistar rats/MCAO model) | miR-181b-5p | TRPM7 axis | TRPM7↓→HIF-1α and VEGF↑ TIMP3↓ | Yang et al. [119] |