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Table 6 The advantages and potential limitations of EV therapy

From: Therapeutic angiogenesis using stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: an emerging approach for treatment of ischemic diseases

Advantages

Lipid bilayer shell can avert proteolytic degradation;

EVs contain many potential regulatory components;

EVs can be applied to personalized medicine.

[129, 132,133,134]

Potential limitations

Short-term effects because of short half-life;

Rapid clearance by the innate immune system;

Efficiency of EV uptake needs to be improved;

Administration routes of EVs must be appropriately selected.

[135,136,137,138]