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Fig. 3 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 3

From: Adipose-derived stem cells prevent the onset of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw through transforming growth factor β-1-mediated gingival wound healing

Fig. 3

Local ADSC therapy promotes primary gingival healing at 2 weeks post extraction and facilitates bone regeneration at 8 weeks post extraction. A Clinical appearance of the healthy, BP, HA, and ADSC groups at 2 and 8 weeks post extraction. Areas in the dotted line show the tooth extraction site. Black arrows indicate jaw bone exposure in the BP group (bar = 1 mm). B H&E staining shows gingival healing in each group at 2 weeks post extraction. Masson staining indicates extraction site subgingival collagen deposition (a–h, bar = 1 mm; a’–d’, bar = 200 μm; e’–h’, bar = 50 μm). The rectangular line shows the magnified area. C Quantification of the unhealed area of the tooth extraction wound (mm2), the proportions of necrotic (%), and collagen deposition (%) in each group at 2 weeks. *p < 0.05. D TRAP-positive cells indicate osteoclasts. The arrows indicate osteoclasts, bar = 50 μm. Quantification of the number of osteoclasts per linear bone perimeter (#/mm), *p < 0.05

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