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Fig. 4 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Adipose-derived stem cells prevent the onset of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw through transforming growth factor β-1-mediated gingival wound healing

Fig. 4

Primary gingival healing by transplantation of ADSCs facilitate socket bone regeneration and upregulate osteogenic genes expression. A Local ADSC therapy facilitates socket bone regeneration. H&E and Masson staining indicate bone regeneration in the ADSC and HA groups (a–d, bar = 1 mm; a’–d’, bar = 50 μm). Quantification of the unhealed area of the tooth extraction wound (mm2), the proportion of necrotic bone (%), new bone formation (%), and extraction socket subgingival collagen deposition (%) in each group at 2 weeks post extraction. *p < 0.05, #undetected data. B Computed tomography (CT) examination shows reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) images and quantification of bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD) in each group. *p < 0.05. The results are representative of three independent experiments. C Relative expression of osteogenic target genes in each group. *p < 0.05

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