Fig. 1

Isolation and characterization of ADSCs derived from epidural adipose tissue. a Representative photomicrographs of primary epidural ADSCs cultured alone or in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) from lung cancer cells after reaching confluence at passage 5. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was examined in ADSCs at passage 5. Cells were fixed with 4% formalin and stained with Alizarin Red to assess the osteogenic differentiation and Oil Red O dye to visualize lipid droplets that result from adipogenic differentiation. H&E staining and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrate the expression of the myofibroblast marker α-SMA in ADSCs. Scale bar = 100 μm. b Flow cytometry analysis of the positive markers CD90, CD105 and CD73 and the negative markers CD34, CD45, and CD14 for determining mesenchymal marker expression in isolated ADSCs. aADSCs, ADSCs treated with lung cancer cell-conditioned medium containing α-SMA and FAP