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Fig. 3 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 3

From: Small molecule inhibitor of TGF-β signaling enables robust osteogenesis of autologous GMSCs to successfully repair minipig severe maxillofacial bone defects

Fig. 3

SB431542 treatment promotes osteogenic differentiation potential of hGMSCs. a hGMSCs formed mineralized nodules that stained positive for Alizarin Red following 21 days of osteogenic induction with various concentrations of SB4315342(0, 0.1, and1μM). hGMSCs showed improvement the capability of osteogenic differentiation as the concentration of SB4315342 increased. Scale bars, 500 μm. b Quantification of positive alizarin red staining showed that hGMSCs stimulated with SB431542 had significantly increased osteogenic differentiation capability compared with the other. n = 3. The results represent mean ± SD, ***p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. c Western blotting analysis of osteoblastic differentiation-related protein in hGMSCs during osteogenic differentiation in the presence or absence of SB431542 (1 μM) at the indicated time points (days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11). GAPDH was used as a protein loading control. n = 3. OI, osteogenic induction medium; SB, 1 μM SB431542; D, day; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; COL-1, collagen type I; RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2; OPN, osteopontin

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