TGFB3
|
20 ng/ml
|
2D and 3D cultures
|
Tenocytes and ESCs
|
Unlike tenocytes, ESCs upregulated tendon markers in 2D culture and showed synergic effect with TGFB3 and 3D; no cartilage or bone tissue deposition
|
[41, 62]
|
TGFB3
|
20 ng/ml
|
3D collagen gel
|
IPS
|
Reduced expression of tendon-related marker of iPSCs in 3D versus 2D culture
|
[5]
|
BMP12
|
50 ng/ml
| |
AF-MSCs
|
Elongated and spindle-shaped; expressed TNMD and DCN genes
|
[63]
|
BMP12
|
50 ng/ml
| |
BM-MSCs
|
Elongated tenocyte-like phenotype; expressed TNMD and DCN genes
|
[64]
|
BMP12
|
50 ng/ml
| |
UCB-MSCs
|
Expression of SCX, MKX, TNM, COL1, and DCN by RT-PCR; expression of protein TNM, DCN
|
[65]
|
TGFB3, EGF2, bFGF2, IGF-1
|
10 ng/ml
|
LLLT
|
PB-MSCs
|
Supplementation with bFGF2 and TGFB3 upregulated expression of EGR1, and DCN; increased TNC with LLLT
|
[66]
|
PDGF-BB, IGF-1, bFGF, SDF-1 α, and GDF-5
|
5, 50, 5, 50 and 100 ng/ml respectively
|
Scaffold
|
Tenocytes
|
Effect of pairing IGF-1, GDF-5 rescue the tenocyte phenotype and gene expression profiles and driving proliferation
|
[67]
|
TGFB1, IGF-1, insulin
|
10 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml
|
2D and 3D cultures
|
Tenocyte
|
Pro-tenogenic effect with 3D culture system treated with GFs
|
[40]
|
GDF5, GDF6 and GDF7
|
10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml
|
Strain stimulation; oxygen tension
|
AD-MSC
|
Expression of tendon-relevant genes were higher with an oxygen tension of 21%, tensile stimulation and supplementation with GDF5 or GDF 7
|
[68]
|
IGF-1
|
100 ng/ml
|
Acellular tendon matrix
|
BM-MSCs and TDSCs
|
COL and GAG syntheses were higher in TDSCs; no significant difference was observed in the expression of COL1, COL3, and COMP between BM-MSCs and TDSCs
|
[69]
|
TGFB3
|
2.5 ng/ml
|
Treated with Gremlin and SOST; nanofiber scaffold
|
ASCs
|
Increased tenogenic markers; decreased osteo-chondrogenic markers treated with T/G/S on nanofiber scaffold
|
Our unpublished data
|