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Fig. 2 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Generation of functional dopaminergic neurons from human spermatogonial stem cells to rescue parkinsonian phenotypes

Fig. 2

Direct conversion and characterization of DA neurons from hSSCs. a Schematic illustration of the experimental setup and strategy to convert hSSCs into DA neurons. b Bright-field hSSC (upper panels) images in induction medium for 1–4 weeks and immunofluorescence staining for DA neuron markers Tuj-1 TH, DAT and Nurr1 at week 3 (low panels). DAPI counterstaining (blue) was used to visualize nuclei. c Western blot analysis demonstrates a strong upregulation of the prototypic DA neuron markers Tuj-1, TH, DAT, and Nurr1 in hSSC-derived cells. β-actin was used as a loading control. d Quantitative analysis of Western blot results. e Percentages of Tuj-1+ and TH+ cells in hSSCs under this special induction condition for 1–3 weeks. f Total transdifferentiation efficiency of hSSCs after 1–3 weeks of induction. Data are reported as the means ± SEM of three independent experiments (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)

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