Fig. 1

In vitro modeling of FRDA by engineered cardiac tissue constructs of FXN-deficient hPSCs. a Experimental timeline for generating cardiac tissue models, human ventricular cardiac anisotropic sheet (hvCAS), and human ventricular cardiac tissue strip (hvCTS), for electrophysiological and contractile assessment, respectively. b Representative images of (i) hvCAS and (ii) hvCTS. c FXN (i) transcript and (ii) protein expression and (iii) representative Western blot image of hESCs (n = 8–9), hiPSCs (n = 5–9), and FRDA-hiPSC lines 68 (n = 8–10) and 03665 (n = 3–4), normalized to GAPDH expression. Samples were independent replicates. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance indicated by *p < 0.05