Fig. 3

The effect of insulin on cell cycle and apoptosis of hiPSCs. To investigate the effect of insulin on cell cycle of hiPSCs, the cells were cultured with or without insulin for 3 days and used for cell cycle assay. a A representative histogram of change in the cell cycle profile (upper panel) and the model (lower panel). b Quantification of percentage of cells at the G1 stage (each cell line in triplicates). To investigate the effect of insulin on apoptosis of hiPSCs, the cells were cultured with or without insulin overnight and used for flow cytometry-based apoptosis assay (hiPSC.1 in quintuplicate, hiPSC.2 in triplicates, hiPSC.3 in quadruplicate) or protein array for apoptosis. c Representative graphs of change in cell apoptosis profile. d Quantification of percentage of cells in late apoptosis stage (high PI and high Annexin V). e Protein array apoptosis array, targets and their quantification (f). Data in b and d are represented as mean ± SD. Two-tailed Student’s t test was used for comparison of groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001