Fig. 4
FFA at 50 μM suppressed osteoporosis in OVX and partially reversed bone loss in aged mice. a Micro-CT and H&E staining images of femurs in SHAM mice with N.S. treatment, SHAM mice with FFA treatment, OVX mice with N.S. treatment, and OVX mice with FFA treatment for 4 weeks. b Compared with the OVX mice with N.S. treatment, the OVX mice treated with FFA showed improvement in bone volume, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness and a reduction in trabecular separation. c Compared with the OVX mice with N.S. treatment, the OVX mice treated with FFA showed improvement in BMD. d FFA increased serum bone formation marker, P1NP in OVX mice. e Micro-CT and H&E staining images of femurs in aged mice treated with N.S. and aged mice with FFA treatment for 4 weeks. Images of femurs in aged mice with N.S. and aged mice with FFA treatment for 4 weeks. f Aged mice treated with FFA had improvement of bone volume, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness and a reduction in trabecular separation compared with aged mice with N.S. treatment. g Aged mice treated with FFA had improvement of BMD. h FFA increased serum bone formation marker, P1NP in aged mice. Scale bars for μCT images are 1 mm. Scale bars for H&E staining images are 200 μm. All data are shown as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 compared with OVX mice with N.S. treatment (b-d). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared with aged mice treated with N.S. (f-h). FFA, flufenamic acid; OVX, ovariectomized; BMD, bone mineral density; micro-CT, micro-computed tomography; N.S., normal saline