Fig. 4

Representative images of VDR translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus observed in the presence of 100 nM vitamin D3 and the respective quantification. a The time-dependent movement of VDR, without vitamin D3 at 0 min, 5 min, 10 min and 30 min of vitamin D3 addition, translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus was observed. Arrows point to VDR-positive cell structures either in the cytoplasm (broad) or nucleus (narrow arrow). b Quantification of the VDR translocation. Nucleic VDR staining area was normalised by division with the respective nucleus’s area. Comparison of the VDR/nucleic area ratio between vitamin D3-treated cells and untreated controls by ANOVA confirmed the optical impression of the significant shift of the VDR into the nucleus. c The Western blot of VDR time-dependent translocation from the cytoplasm (1) to nucleus (2) post addition of vitamin D3 at 0 min, 5 min, 10 min and 30 min. β-Tubulin (52 kDa) and lamin A/C (74 kDa) were considered as a positive control for cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 19–47 cells per time point); 1, cytoplasmic fraction; 2, nuclear fraction, **p < 0.005, *p < 0.05