Fig. 1

Screening for the optimal concentration of BP-CM and investigating proliferation ability of BP-CM-treated BMMSCs. a Primary BMMSCs at day 3. b BMMSCs at passage 3. Scale bar = 100 μm. c The gene expression of Alp was dramatically increased in the 0.2 mg/ml BP-CM group at day 5. ***P < 0.001. d ALP activity of BMMSCs cultured in different concentrations of BP-CM at days 3, 5, and 7. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. e–h The proliferation ability of BP-CM-treated BMMSCs was measured by CCK-8 and FCM