Fig. 2

The influence of iRoot BP Plus on osteo/odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. a The osteo/odontogenic-associated proteins (DSPP, OPN, RUNX2, and OSX) in BMMSCs were detected by western blot at days 0, 3, and 7, respectively. ImageJ software was used to quantify the results, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. b ALP staining and ALP activity assay were performed to evaluate the expression of ALP in BP-CM-induced BMMSCs at day 5 and day 7. Scale bar = 100 μm. **P < 0.01. c Alizarin Red S staining and CPC assay were conducted to investigate mineralization of BMMSCs after being cultured in complete culture medium or osteogenic-induced medium (OM) (+/− BP-CM) for 14 days. Scale bar = 100 μm. **P < 0.01. d Relative gene expression was detected by real-time RT-PCR. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. e OSX and RUNX2 in BP-CM-treated BMMSCs were observed by immunofluorescence staining. Scale bar = 50 μm. Quantification was done by ImageJ, **P < 0.01. f, g Western blot and real-time RT-PCR were used to compare the changes of osteo/odontogenic-related markers in the BP-CM group with those in the MTA-CM group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. h The protein level of ALP in both the BP-CM- and MTA-CM-treated BMMSCs was detected by ALP staining and ALP activity assay. Scale bar = 100 μm, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01