Fig. 4
Protective effect of NVs on peritoneal inflammation in OMV-induced sepsis in mice. a Study design for investigation of the therapeutic effect of NVs. Sublethal dose of OMVs (15 μg) from E. coli was injected i.p. once, followed by i.p. injection of NVs (2 × 109) at 1 h. Six hours after OMV injection, mice were sacrificed to check inflammatory parameters. b, c Body weight (b) and temperature (c) were measured at 6 h. d, e The percentage of neutrophils (d) and monocytes (e) in the peritoneum were determined by FACS analysis at 6 h following OMV administration. f, g Peritoneal fluid cytokines such as TNF-α (f) and IL-6 (g) were measured at 6 h. n = 10/group. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Error bars indicate SEM