Fig. 5

NVs prevent the increase of systemic cytokines and chemokines provoked by OMVs. a, b The number of leukocytes (a) and platelets (b) was counted in blood at 6 h following OMV injection. c–f The effect of NVs on the concentrations of TNF-α (c), IL-6 (d), KC (e), and RANTES (f) was analyzed in serum. n = 10/group. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Error bars indicate SEM