Fig. 3

Chrysosplenetin improves proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. a MTT assay was undertaken to measure the proliferation of hBMSCs. hBMSCs were cultured with osteogenic induction medium (OIM) and various concentrations of Chrysosplenetin for 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days (*p < 0.05 relative to OIM-stimulated controls). b Representative images demonstrated that mineral deposit of hBMSCs treated by Chrysosplenetin (10 μM) was tested by Alizarin red. c Analysis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in hBMSCs treated with Chrysosplenetin (0, 5, 10, 20 μM) (*p < 0.05 relative to OIM-stimulated controls at the same time point). d RT-pPCR was used to evaluate the expression of osteogenic genes in hBMSCs cells planted with OIM in the presence or absence of Chrysosplenetin at 5, 10, and 20 μM. Gene expression was normalized to GAPDH (Runt Related Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2); Osteocalcin (BGLAP); β-catenin (CTNNB1); Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2), *p < 0.05 relative to OIM-stimulated controls; ^#p < 0.01 relative to 10 μM group; ^&p < 0.01 relative to 30 μM group)