Fig. 2

Antioxidants inhibit ADSC cell senescence during long-term in vitro expansion. After treatment with 10 μM GSH or melatonin, the ADSCs cultured for passage 3 (P3), passage 6 (P6), and passage 9 (P9) were used in the following analysis. a SA-β-gal staining of ADSCs (× 200 magnification; scale bar, 50 μm). The relative gene expression of p16 (b), p21 (c), and p53 (d) of ADSCs with or without antioxidant treatment in vitro expansion (n = 3 per group; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01). ADSCs, adipose tissue-derived stem cells; GSH, reduced glutathione