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Fig. 2 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Dimethyloxaloylglycine-stimulated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes enhance bone regeneration through angiogenesis by targeting the AKT/mTOR pathway

Fig. 2

Micro-CT evaluation of repaired craniums and blood vessel formation at 8 weeks post-implantation. a Three-dimensional reconstruction and sagittal images showed different reparative effects of HA, MSC-Exos, and DMOG-MSC-Exos. b New blood vessels in calvarial defects are shown in three-dimensional reconstruction images. c CD31 immunohistochemistry of bone defect regions of all groups at 8 weeks post-surgery (green fluorescence indicates newly formed blood vessels). d Bone mineral density (BMD) of each group. e Bone volume-to-total volume ratio (BV/TV) in each group. f Morphometric analysis to determine local vessel area in bone defects (*P < 0.05, versus control; #P < 0.05, versus MSC-Exos)

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Stem Cell Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1757-6512