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Fig. 3 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 3

From: MSC-secreted TGF-β regulates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage M2-like polarization via the Akt/FoxO1 pathway

Fig. 3

Paracrine TGF-β from MSCs suppressed inflammatory reaction and induced M2-like polarization in LPS-stimulated macrophages. a The effect of paracrine TGF-β from MSCs on inflammatory cytokine levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was tested by RT-PCR. b, c The effect of paracrine TGF-β from MSCs on inflammatory cytokine levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was tested by ELISA and WB. d The effect of paracrine TGF-β from MSCs on macrophage phenotypic marker levels in LPS-stimulated macrophages was tested by flow cytometry. *p < 0.05 vs. control group; **p < 0.01 vs. control group; ***p < 0.001 vs. control group; ##p < 0.01 vs. LPS group; ###p < 0.001 vs. LPS group; &p < 0.05 vs. MSC group; &&p < 0.01 vs. MSC group; &&&p < 0.001 vs. MSC group; (n = 3). ARG-1, arginase-1;ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-1β, interleukin1β; IL-10, interleukin 10; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; PMA, peritoneal macrophages; RT-PCR, real time PCR; TGF-βRi, TGF-β receptor inhibitor; WB, Western blot

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