From: Applications of miRNAs in cardiac development, disease progression and regeneration
miRNA | Animal models | Targets | Level of expression | Cardiovascular diseases | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
miR-1 | Mice | Hand2 | Downregulated | Ventricular septal defect | [51] |
Mice | Mef2a, calmodulin | Downregulated | Cardiac hypertrophy | [73, 74] | |
Rat | Kcnj2 | Upregulated | Atrial fibrillation | [75, 76] | |
Downregulated | Ventricular arrhythmia | [77] | |||
Human | GJA1, SOX9 | Downregulated | Ventricular septal defect | [59] | |
miR-21 | Human | – | Upregulated | Myocardial infarction | [65] |
miR-23a | Mice | Foxo3a | Upregulated | Cardiac hypertrophy | [67] |
miR-29b | Human | – | Upregulated | Myocardial infarction | [65] |
miR-126 | Mice | Spred1, PI3KR2a | Downregulated | Defective angiogenesis, leaky and fragile vessels | [78] |
miR-181 | Human | BMPR2 | Upregulated | Ventricular septal defect | [59] |
miR-195 | Human | CHECK1 | Upregulated | Ventricular septal defect | [9] |
miR-328 | Mice, rat | Cacna1c, Cacnb2 | Upregulated | Atrial fibrillation | [79] |
miR-421 | Human | SOX2 | Upregulated | Tetralogy of fallot | [80] |