lncRNAs: function and mechanism in cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration

Table 1 Functional characterization of lncRNAs in text

LncRNAs	Expression	Functional role	Related factor	Reference
lncRNA-CIR	Up	Aggrecan and collagen degradation	MMP-13 and ADAMTS5	[15]
RP11-296A18.3	Up	Abnormal proliferation of HNPC	miR-138 and HIF1α	[18]
PART1	Up	Influence the expression of ACVR1, E2F3, and VEGFA	miR-34a and miR-148a	[19]
HOTAIR	Up	Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase	IL-1β	[20]
CILinc01 and CILinc02	Down	Influence cytokine production	NF-κB	[21]
PACER	Up	Influence cytokine production	COX-2	[22]
AC005082.12	Up	ECM degeneration	EFNA3	[23]
MEG3	Down	Vascular invasion	VEGF	[24]
HCG18	Up	NP cell apoptosis	miR-146a-5p/TRAF6/NFκB	[25]
HOTTIP	Up	Chondrogenic differentiation inhibition	HoxA13	[26]
GAS5	Up	Apoptosis of chondrocytes	miR-21	[27]
PCGEM1	Down	Apoptosis of synoviocyte	miR-770	[28]
linc-ADAMTS5	Down	Aggrecan degradation	ADAMTS5	[29]
TUG1	Up	NP cell proliferation inhibition	Wnt β-catenin	[30]
LncRNA-MSR	Up	Overexpression of metalloproteinase	miR-152	[31]
DANCR	Down	Chondrogenic differentiation inhibition	smad3 and STAT3	[32]

ISSN: 1757-6512