The shift in the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells mediated by glucocorticoid receptor

Han, Lizhi; Wang, Bo; Wang, Ruoyu; Gong, Song; Chen, Guo; Xu, Weihua

doi:10.1186/s13287-019-1498-0

Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Table 1 Factors involved in the regulation of osteogenesis and adipogenesis by excess GC

From: The shift in the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells mediated by glucocorticoid receptor

Factors	Species	Cell type	In vitro/in vivo study	Molecular mechanism	Ref(s)
Signaling pathways
Wnt/β-catenin signaling	Human Rat, mice	Osteoblasts BM-MSCs MC3T3-E1 cells	In vitro In vitro, in vivo	Enhance Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors (such as DKK1, SFRPs, Wif1, and sclerostin); downregulate Wnt7b and Wnt10	[67,68,69,70,71,72]
TGFβ/BMP superfamily	Mice	MC3T3-E1 cells	In vitro	Suppress BMP2; enhance BMP2 antagonists (follistatin and Dan)	[73, 74]
Notch signaling	Mice	MC3T3-E1 cells	In vitro In vivo	Enhance Notch1 and Notch 2; downregulate Notch target genes (such as Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL)	[75, 76]
Transcription factors/post-transcriptional regulators
Runx2	Rat	Osteoblast BM-MSCs	In vitro In vitro	Inhibit Runx2; over-expression of Runx2 antagonizes GC-induced adipogenesis	[77,78,79]
PPARγ and C/EBPs	Mice Human	BM-MSCs 3T3-L1 preadipocytes BM-MSCs	In vitro In vitro In vitro	Enhance PPARγ and C/EBP members (C/EBPα, β, and δ); Downregulate C/EBPβ in the later stage of the adipogenesis process	[16, 80,81,82]
TAZ	Rat Mice	BM-MSCs 3T3-L1 preadipocytes	In vitro In vitro	Inhibit TAZ and ALP; overexpression of TAZ suppresses adipogenesis and promotes the trans-differentiation of preadipocytes into osteocytes	[83, 84]
GILZ	Mice Mice	BM-MSCs 3T3-L1 preadipocytes	In vitro In vivo	Activate GILZ; overexpression of GILZ enhances osteogenesis, inhibits adipogenesis by inhibiting PPARγ2 and C/EBPα, and GILZ inhibits PPAR-γ2 mediated by C/EBP-δ	[85,86,87,88]
Prostaglandin E2	Human	BM-MSCs	In vitro	Induce prostaglandin receptors to inhibit osteogenesis and enhance adipogenesis	[89]
MicroRNAs’ detailed information is shown in Table 2
Long non-coding RNAs	Rat Human	BM-MSCs BM-MSCs	In vitro In vitro	Downregulate lncRNA TCONS_00041960 and lncRNA RP11-154D6; lncRNA TCONS_00041960 enhances osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis by targeting miR-204-5p and miR125a-3p	[96, 97]
Other regulators
Oxidative stress	Mice Rat	Osteoblasts Osteoblasts	In vitro In vitro	Increase ROS to decrease Cbfa1 expression; N-acetylcysteine mitigates the detrimental effects of GC-induced oxidative stress	[98, 99]
FilGAP–FLNA	Human	BM-MSCs	In vitro	Antagonize mechanical forces; FLNA and c-Tubulin play an important role in mechanical regulation during osteogenesis and adipogenesis	[100, 101]

Factors, signaling pathways, transcription factors and post-transcriptional regulators, and other regulators, involved in the regulation of osteogenesis and adipogenesis by GC excess; Species, species involved in study; Cell type, cell type involved in the study; In vitro/In vivo Study, study performed in vitro or in vivo; Molecular mechanism, molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of osteogenesis or adipogenesis by excess GC; References, references related to the study in this table

Back to article page

ISSN: 1757-6512

Contact us

Submission enquiries: Access here and click Contact Us
General enquiries: info@biomedcentral.com