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Table 1 The detailed information of MenSCs in the treatment of various diseases

From: Menstrual blood-derived stem cells: toward therapeutic mechanisms, novel strategies, and future perspectives in the treatment of diseases

Disease

Donor age

Experimental method

Effect

Reference

DMD

N/A

Murine model, IM, 2 × 107 cells

Differentiation of myogenic cells after 3 W

Cui et al. [25]

POF

N/A

Murine model, IP, 1 × 104 cells

Differentiation of ovarian granulosa cells after 21 D

Liu et al. [36]

T1DM

N/A

Murine model, IV, 3 × 105 cells

Differentiation of β-cells after 14 D

Wu et al. [22]

IUA

24–38

Murine model, Axillary subcutaneous, 1 × 106 cells

Differentiation of endometrial cells after 2 W

Zheng et al. [38]

Sepsis

24–38

Murine model, IP, 2 × 106 cells

Immunomodulation of lower inflammatory responses after 40 H

Alcayaga-Miranda et al. [91]

EC

20–40

Murine model, IV, 1 × 106 cells

Immunomodulation of regulation of B lymphocytes after 10 D

Xu et al. [47]

EC

20–30

Murine model, IV, 1 × 106 cells

Immunomodulation of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis after 10 D

Li et al. [48]

Transplant

Vasculopathy

30

Murine model, Aorta, 1 × 106 cells

Immunomodulation of B7-H1 expression after 40 D

Ye et al. [92]

GVHD

18–45

Murine model, IV, 1 × 106 cells

Immunomodulation of lower peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 14 D

Luz-Crawford et al. [45]

IPF

20–40

Murine model, IV, 1 × 106 cells

Immunomodulation of immunosuppressive and antifibrosis effects after 2 W

Zhao et al. [49]

Liver fibrosis

N/A

Murine model, IV, 5 × 105 cells

Paracrine effect of secreting MCP-1, IL-6, HGF, GRO, IL-8, and OPG after 2 W

Chen et al. [18]

MI

N/A

Rat model, IM, 1.5 × 106 cells

Paracrine effect of activate AKT, ERK1/2 and STAT3 after 28 D

Jiang et al. [55]

Stroke

N/A

Rat model, intracerebral, 0.75 × 106 cells

Paracrine effect of secreting VEGF, BDNF, and NT-3 after 14 D

Borlongan et al. [52]

EOC

40

Murine model, SC, 2 × 106 cells

Paracrine effect of promote foxo3a after 28 D

Bu et al. [93]

POF

40

Murine model, IV, 2 × 106 cells

Homing and migration of improving the renewal of germline stem cells after 2 W

Lai et al. [33]

A549-induced tumor

23–42

Murine model, intratumoral, 1 × 106 cells

Homing and migration of target tumor sites after 5 D

Moreno et al. [83]

POF

25–30

Murine model, IV, 2 × 106 cells

Homing and migration of improve the ovarian microenvironment after 21 D

Wang et al. [61]

Cutaneous wound

N/A

Murine model, intradermal, 1 × 106 cells

Immunosuppressive/paracrine effects after 2 W

Cuenca et al. [44]

OCD

25–45

Rabbit model, orthopotic, 7 × 105 cells

Differentiation/Regenerative capacity after 24 W

Khanmohammadi et al. [94]

ALI

N/A

Murine model, IV, 1 × 106 cells

Reduce inflammation/paracrine effect

After 72 H

Ren et al. [95]

Spinal cord injury

N/A

Rat model, thoracic, 1 × 105 cells

Reduce inflammation/paracrine effect after 28 D

Wu et al. [53]

MI

N/A

Rat model, IM, 1 × 106 cells

Secreting exosomal microrna-21 after 56 D

Wang et al. [72]

Alzheimer’s disease

N/A

Murine model, hippocampus, 1 × 105 cells

Anti-inflammatory after 7 D

Zhao et al. [96]

POI

25–35

Murine model, IV, 1 × 105 cells

Regulating the ECM-dependent FAK/AKT signaling after 40 D

Feng et al. [97]

POF

N/A

Murine model, IV, 1 × 106 cells

Inhibiting GADD45b expression in the cell cycle after 28 D

Guo et al. [98]

Cervical cancer

N/A

Murine model, subcutaneous, 5 × 106 cells

Mediate TGF-β1-mediated JNK/P21 signaling after 21 D

Liu et al. [99]

HCC

N/A

Murine model, IV, 5 × 105 cells

DNA methylation after 36 D

Wu et al. [78]

CLI

N/A

Rat model, IM, 1 × 106 cells

Secreting growth factors/inhibiting inflammatory responses after 14 D

Murphy et al. [54]

Glioma

N/A

Rat model, Intratumoral, 3 × 106 cells

Inhibition of intracranial glioma growth after 14 D

Han et al. [100]

Multiple sclerosis

18–30

Human model, intrathecal, 6 × 106 cells

Suppress immune responses after 12 M

Zhong et al. [88]

Cardiac fibrosis

N/A

Rat model, IM, 2 × 106 cells

Inhibition of endothelial to mesenchymal transition after 7 D

Zhang et al. [101]

AS

20–40

Human model, IM, 1 × 106 cells

Ensured embryo implantation after 24 M

Tan et al. [89]

ALI

N/A

Murine model, IV, 1 × 106 cells

Downregulation of IL-1 and the upregulation of IL-10 after 48 H

Xiang et al. [59]

  1. N/A not applicable, IM intramuscular, IP intraperitoneal, IV intravenous, SC subcutaneous, H hour, D day, W week, M month, Ref. reference, DMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy, CLI critical limb ischemia, MI myocardial infarction, POF premature ovarian failure, T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus, EOC epithelial ovarian cancer, GVHD graft versus host disease, AS Asherman’s syndrome, ALI acute lung injury, EC experimental colitis, IPF Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IUA intrauterine adhesion, POI premature ovarian insufficiency, OCD osteochondral defect, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma