Fig. 5From: Melatonin promotes the BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by activating the AMPK/β-catenin signalling pathwayMelatonin enhances the BMP9 signalling pathway in the regulation of C3H10T1/2 osteogenic differentiation. a, b Melatonin enhances BMP9 expression and the phosphorylation of its downstream protein Smad1/5/8 in C3H10T1/2 cells. c p-Smad1/5/8 is transferred from the cytoplasm to the nucleusBack to article page