Fig. 3

Exosome inhibitor can reverse the effect of hMSC-conditioned culture medium on pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes. Note: mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1/cleaved-caspase-1, and GSDMD/cleaved-GSDMD in hypoxia cardiomyocytes were determined by qRT-PCR (a) and Western blot (b). Concentration of IL-1β and IL-18 in culture medium of hypoxia cardiomyocytes was measured by ELISA (c). Cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining (× 200) (d). Cell viability of hypoxia cardiomyocytes was determined by CCK-8 (e). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, vs CM group; CM, conditioned culture medium