Fig. 8

IFNγ + IL-1β or IFNα induce ER stress in iPSC-derived pancreatic endocrine cells. Control iPSCs (HEL115.6) were differentiated into pancreatic endocrine cells and exposed to IFNγ + IL-1β or IFNα. a–d Total mRNA was extracted and reverse transcribed. The expression of BiP, Chop10, sXBP-1, ATF3, and Actin (reference gene) mRNAs was quantified using RT-qPCR. Expression was corrected for the corresponding actin value and expressed as fold change compared to untreated cells (CTL) (n = 4–8 independent experiments). e Total protein was extracted and expression of BiP and phospho-eIF2α assessed by Western blotting. GAPDH was used as a control for protein loading. Representative blots are shown. Protein signals were quantified using Image Studio Lite, corrected for GAPDH, and expressed as fold change compared to the protein expression in untreated cells (CTL) (n = 5–6 independent experiments). *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001 (paired Student’s t test)