Fig. 1

A lower concentration of DA facilitates hBMSC osteogenic differentiation. a Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of DRD1 and DRD2 expression during hBMSC osteogenic differentiation on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 (n = 3 for all groups). b Histochemical staining and c total absorbance measurements of ALP during early hBMSC osteogenic differentiation stimulated with DA (n = 3 for all groups). d Alizarin Red S staining and e total absorbance measurements during late hBMSC osteogenic differentiation stimulated with DA (n = 3 for all groups). f Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of osteogenic gene expression during hBMSC osteogenic differentiation stimulated with DA (n = 3 for all groups). g Immunoblot analysis of RUNX2 expression during hBMSC osteogenic differentiation stimulated with DA (n = 3 for all groups). The results are shown as the mean ± standard error. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired Student’s t test or one-way ANOVA test for multiple-group comparisons; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001