Fig. 4

Vessel density analysis was performed using both HE- (a, b) and CD31-stained(c, d) sections. The vascular pedicles were visible inside (*) or outside (**) in the flow-through (b, d) or classic prefabrication group, respectively. Bone formation assessed on von Kossa-stained (e, f) and SATB2-immmunostained (g, h) sections was not detected in any groups