Fig. 3

MSCs regulated PTEN expression in melanocytes. a Heatmap of cocultured primary melanocytes versus noncocultured melanocytes. The color scale indicates the log2 ratio of the normalized hybridization signal intensities of the regulated genes with a range of − 2.0 to + 2.0. b Log₂FC of all genes in the FoxO pathway shown in Fig. 1. c Regulated genes calculated by log₁₀ (P value). P value < 0.05. d Primary melanocytes cocultured with MSCs for 24 h and evaluated by immunofluorescence. Confocal microscopy was used to determine PTEN expression in both groups. e Primary melanocytes cocultured with MSCs for 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, or 12 h and analyzed by immunoblotting for PTEN, p-S473-AKT, and AKT. f Melanocytes pretreated with 1 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min and then cocultured with MSCs for 12 h. Immunoblotting analyses were performed for PTEN, p-S473-AKT, and AKT. g SK-Mel-110 cells treated with 0, 0.5 μg, or 1 μg flag PTEN plasmid and Lipo 3000 for 6 h and then evaluated. PTEN expression was measured by western blotting. h Cell proliferation of PTEN-overexpressing SK-Mel-110 cells evaluated by a cell counting kit 8 assay. i, j PTEN-overexpressing SK-Mel-110 cells treated with 1 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min. Cell death in all groups was measured by flow cytometry. Statistic data analyzed by Student’s t test. ns represents no statistical significance, * represents P value < 0.05, ** represents P value < 0.01