MSC source 1 | MSC source 2 | Dose | Model | Mechanism | Effect | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mouse | Adipose tissue | 1 × 106 | Mouse | Suppress cytochrome P450 activity; decrease the level of toxic nitrotyrosine; upregulate Nrf2 levels | Eliminate the severity of liver injury; increase the survival rate of ALF mice | [81] |
Human | Adipose tissue | 2 × 105 | Rat | Decrease the levels of liver isoprostanes, 8-OHG and nitrite-nitrates; preserve GSH levels; decrease levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, ICAM-1 and phospho-JNK | Eliminate lobular necrosis and vacuolar degeneration | [83] |
Human | Umbilical cord | 1 × 105, 5 × 105, 1 × 106 | Mouse | Maintain levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase; reduce levels of TNF-α and IL-6; increase HGF levels | Increase the survival rate of ALF animals without reducing liver weight | [84] |
Human | Adipose tissue | 4 × 105 | Mouse | Prolong the retention of MSCs; alleviate the inflammatory response | Eliminate the severity of liver injury | [85] |
Human | Umbilical cord | 1 × 106 | Mouse | Maintain redox homeostasis; engraft into the injured liver tissue; reduce hepatocyte apoptosis | Reduce liver damage; enhance the survival rate of ALF mice | [86] |
Human | HLCs from bone marrow MSCs | 1 × 106 | Mouse | Reside in the injured liver site; prevent apoptosis of hepatocytes; enhance tissue rearrangement | Eliminate the severity of liver injury | [87] |
Mouse | Proteome from bone marrow-derived MSCs | 10 mg/ml | Mouse | Inhibit inflammation and hepatocyte necrosis | Protect against liver damage and promote liver regeneration | [88] |