Fig. 3

Levels of proinflammatory cytokines and densities of neural cells. a, b Levels of mRNA of interleukins IL-1α and IL-1β in the groups of mice: non-hydrocephalic (nh), hydrocephalic hyh non-injected (hni), hydrocephalic hyh sham-injected (sham), and hydrocephalic hyh BM-MSC-treated (BM-MSC). c–f Levels of mRNA, protein, and cell densities for CD45 and iba1 as microglia markers. g, g’ Immunofluorescence for iba1 in the neocortex of a hydrocephalic hyh mouse treated with BM-MSC and in a hydrocephalic hyh sham-injected mouse. h–j Levels of mRNA, protein, and cell densities for the GFAP astrocyte marker. k, k’ Immunofluorescence for GFAP in the neocortex of a hydrocephalic hyh mouse treated with BM-MSC and in a hydrocephalic hyh sham-injected mouse. l, m Densities of NG2+ and Olig2+ cells in tissue sections. n, n’ Immunofluorescence for NG2 (green) and Olig2 (red). o Densities of NeuN+ cells in sections of the neocortical layers 2–3 and 5. p, p’ Immunofluorescence for NeuN (green) in the neocortex. q Immunofluorescence for glutamine synthetase. The BM-MSC (mRFP1, red) present no reaction for glutamine synthetase (arrows). r Immunofluorescence for NG2. The BM-MSC present a weak immunoreaction (arrows) compared to NG2 cells (arrowheads). s Immunofluorescence for β-III tubulin (magenta) in BM-MSC (mRFP1, red) labeled with the green cell tracker in the neocortical wall. Arrowhead points to a β-III tubulin negative BM-MSC. Insets in r and s represent splitting of the channels showing immunolabeling for NG2 and cell tracker (green) and β-III tubulin (magenta) in the framed red fluorescent BM-MSC. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.02, ***P < 0.01 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test