Fig. 1
From: Novel combinations to improve hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome
Toxic chemical exposure, genetic changes, or aging lead to the generation of malignant clone in the bone marrow, which affects the normal hematopoiesis. This early dysregulation in hematopoietic system leads to reduction of mature cells in the peripheral blood. Within the MDS bone marrow microenvironment, the immature cells and MDSCs secrete immunosuppressive cytokines to reduce effector T cell proliferation and contribute significantly to the dysregulation of immune surveillance in MDS. LR-MDS (low-risk MDS)