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Table 2 A comparison between human PSC-derived fetal and adult cardiomyocytes

From: Mending a broken heart: current strategies and limitations of cell-based therapy

 

Characteristics

PSC-CM

Adult CM

References

Morphology

Cell shape

Circular

Rod-shaped

[89,90,91]

Nucleation

Single nucleated

25–30% binucleated

[92, 93]

Mitochondrial content

Slender and long, lesser than in adult CM

Elongated shape, 35% of total cell volume

[94, 95]

Surface area

1000-1300 μm2

10,000-14,000 μm2

[96, 97]

Metabolism

Substrate preference

Glucose

Fatty acid

[98, 99]

Sarcomere

Myofibrillar isoform switch (myosin heavy chain)

β = α

β > > α

[100,101,102]

Myofibril

Low density

High density

[83, 91, 103]

Alignment

Random

Anisotropic

[91, 104]

Electrophysiological properties

Upstroke velocity

Slower

Faster

[83, 97]

Contraction

Asynchronous

Synchronous

[98, 105]