Fig. 4

Comparison of the effects of three MSCs on apoptosis under the conditions of LPS alone and combination of liraglutide. a Expression of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins in three MSCs stimulated by 30 μg/mL LPS alone and combination of 10 nM liraglutide. b Flow cytometry experiments showed the apoptosis of three MSCs in the control group, LPS group, and LPS + liraglutide group as well as the proportion of no apoptotic cells (c) and apoptotic cells (d). TUNEL staining images for the apoptosis of hCMSCs (e), hBMSCs (f), and hAMSCs (g) in the control group, LPS group, and LPS + liraglutide group. Blue represented DAPI and green represented protein apoptosis. The representative pictures were showed at × 20 original magnification, scale bars, 100 μm. Error bars represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Compared with the control group corresponding to MSCs, ***P < 0.001; compared with the LPS group corresponding to MSCs, ⁺⁺⁺P < 0.001; compared with the corresponding treatment group with hCMSCs, ^##P < 0.01 and ^###P < 0.001; compared with corresponding treatment group with hBMSCs, ^$$$P < 0.001