Fig. 3

Mitochondria transfer improved the migration and invasive capacities of BMSCs. a, b Effects of mitochondria transfer on vertical migration, as shown by × 4 and × 10 (in the lower left corner) micrographs of BMSCs in different groups at the bottom of the migration trans-well culture chamber (a), and histogram of cell counts based on × 10 magnification field (b). Results are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). c–e Effects of mitochondria transfer on lateral migration, as shown by the initial and final micrographs of the scratch in the wound healing assay (c), bar graph of final distance/initial distance rate of each group (d), and line chart of real-time scratch distance (e). Results are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6). f, g Single cell tracking of control or mitochondria-recipient BMSCs, showing cell migration trajectory in the colored lines (f), and bar graph of quantitative migration speed (g). Results are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was used to assess statistical significance (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001)