Fig. 5

Mitochondria transfer enhances the therapeutic effects of BMSCs on bone defect healing in vivo. a, b Representative micro CT images and sagittal views of rat cranial critical-sized full-thickness defects at 4 (a) and 8 weeks (b) after surgery. c, d Quantitative analysis of bone volume (BV) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the newly formed bone. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was used to assess statistical significance (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). e Scans of HE or Masson staining of bone tissue slices of specimens (NB, nascent bone)