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Table 2 Results from clinical control trials of MSCs in kidney transplantation

From: Preconditioning is an effective strategy for improving the efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells in kidney transplantation

Author

Year

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier

Design of the study

Enrollment

MSCs type

MSCs doses

Timing of infusion

Inductions

Maintenance immunosuppressants

Positive outcomes

Negative outcomes

Treatment group

Control group

Tan et al. [10]

2013

NCT00658073

Single-center, prospective RCT

159

Autologous

Two injections (1–2 ×  106 cells/kg)

D0, D14

MSCs

Basiliximab

Steroids, MMF, 80% or standard dose of CNIs

Reduced AR rate at 6 months, decrease risk of viral infections

Comparable DGF rate, renal graft function, graft survival rate

Pan et al. [11]

2016

NM

Single-center, prospective, nonrandomized pilot study

32

Donor-derived

Two injections (5 × 106, 2 × 106 cells/kg)

D0, D30

MSCs + Cytoxan (200 mg/day D0–3)

Cytoxan (200 mg/day D0–3)

Steroids, MMF, 60% or standard dose of CNIs

CNI sparing

Comparable serum creatinine, urine protein, urinary RBC, urinary WBC, and AR rate

Sun et al. [12]

2018

NCT02490020

Multi-center prospective RCT

42

Allogeneic

Two injections (2 × 106 cells/kg, 5 × 106)

D0

MSC + ATG (50 mg/day D0–2)

ATG (50 mg/day D0–2)

Steroids, MMF, CNIs

Not observed

Comparable DGF rate, renal graft function, graft survival rate, and AR rate

Erpicum et al. [13]

2019

NCT01429038

Single-center, nonrandomized, controlled trial

20

Allogeneic

One injection (1.5–3 × 106/kg)

D3 ± 2

MSCs+Basiliximab

Basiliximab

Steroids, antimetabolite, CNIs

Increased Tregs at D30

Comparable B cell frequencies, opportunistic infections, renal graft function, graft survival rate, and AR rate

  1. MSCs mesenchymal stem cells, NM not mentioned, RCT randomized clinical trial, ATG antithymocyte globulin, MMF Mycophenolate mofetil, CNIs calcineurin inhibitors, AR acute rejection, DGF delayed graft function