Fig. 6

Dysregulated pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. a–e Heatmap of differentially expressed genes enriched in cGMP-PKG (a), PI3K-Akt (b), p53 (c), AMPK (d), and Wnt (e) signaling pathways. f Down- (dark green) and up- (red) regulated genes involved in Wnt signaling pathways. g Gene overlap analysis among cGMP-PKG, PI3K-Akt, p53, AMPK, and Wnt signaling pathways. X-axis “Set Size” indicates total gene number for each KEGG signaling pathway, Y-axis “Intersection Size” indicates total overlapped gene number between the indicated pathway below (single point) with all other pathways, or two different signaling pathways below (two points connected by one line). h Heatmap of differentially expressed genes regulating cell cycle. i GSEA enrichment plots showing that loss of CD133 in hESCs results in dysregulation of apoptosis signaling. j Analysis of apoptotic cells in each group detected by flow cytometry following staining with the Annexin V-FITC and PI. k Percentage of cells in different groups of apoptosis displayed in histograms and as mean ± SD