Fig. 1

Comparison of P-PDLSCs and H-PDLSCs. a Primary cells grown up around the tissue mass. b Flow cytometry analysis of P-PD and H-PD. Cells were cultured in P3 or P4 and the results showed that P-PD and H-PD were positive for CD73 and CD146, but negative for CD34. c The proliferation of inflamed and normal PDLSCs were determined by CCK-8 on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 (n = 5). There was a significant difference in the rate of proliferation after 3 days. d, e Western blot was used to detect apoptosis-related FAS/FASL proteins (d), and the corresponding relative expression levels were measured by ImageJ software (e) (n = 3). f After osteogenic induction for 21 days, cells were stained with Alizarin Red S to detect matrix mineralization. P-PD had less mineralized calcium nodules comparing with H-PD. g The result of calcium nodules quantification assay (n = 3). The data are expressed as means ± SD (*p < 0 .05; **p < 0 .01; ***p < 0 .001; ****p < 0 .0001, compared to the H-PD group). P-PD, P-PDLSCs; H-PD, H-PDLSCs