Fig. 4

LIPUS affected the UPR-related proteins and enhanced the osteogenesis of P-PD. a Western blot analysis of proteins related to ERS including GRP78, PERK, P-IRE1α, and IRE1α. b Relative expression levels of the UPR-related proteins (PERK, GRP78, p-IRE1α/IRE1α, and PDI) were measured by ImageJ software (n = 3). c, d Western blot analysis of RUNX2 and ALP (c) and the relative density by ImageJ (d). e, f ALP and alizarin red staining were used to detect osteogenic differentiation. Compared to the P-PDLSCs group. The values represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments (ns, no significant; *p < 0 .05; **p < 0 .01; ***p < 0 .001; ****p < 0 .0001). P-PD, P-PDLSCs; H-PD, H-PDLSCs; LI, LIPUS