Fig. 3
Exosomes derived from MSCs reduce cell death. Hypoxic cardiomyocytes cultured in 1% O2 for 24 h and treated with the indicate agents. Cells were divided into five groups: control group (cardiomyocytes were cultured in 21% O2), hypoxia group (cardiomyocytes were cultured in 1% O2), exosome group (exosomes were derived from MSC cultured in 21% O2, and cardiomyocytes were cultured in 1% O2), hypoxia + exosome group (exosomes were derived from MSC cultured in 1% O2, and cardiomyocytes were cultured in 1% O2), and GW4869 (MSCs were firstly treated with 10 μM GW4869, then exosomes were derived the MSCs and cardiomyocytes were cultured in 1% O2). Cell injury was determined by LDH release assay (a), MTT assay (b) and TUNEL assay (c). Fluorescence staining with vital dyes shown in green indicates live cardiomyocytes, whereas ethidium homodimer-1 staining labels dead cells red. The percentage of cardiomyocytes death is shown in the right panels. d BAD, BAX, BCL-2, and Cleaved-CASPASE-3 levels were evaluated by Western blot and expression quantified. Each experiment was repeated 3 times. **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001 for Hypo vs. Con. ####p < 0.0001 for hypo + exo or GW4869 vs. hypo