Fig. 4

A potential pipeline to manufacture iPSC-NK cells. At the iPSC stage, the cells can be modified and cryopreserved as a master cell bank for later use, or directly differentiated into NK cells. Spin-embryoid bodies can be used to induce CD34⁺ progenitors and self-supporting stromal cells without the use of feeder cells. The CD34⁺ progenitors can be differentiated into NK cells before expansion with cytokines and irradiated artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs). At this stage, the iPSC-NK cells can be cryopreserved as a working cell bank until infused into the patient. It may also be useful to enrich the CD34⁺ progenitor population (indicated by gray arrows) for cells with potent degranulation profiles before differentiating into NK cells