Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Author year | Study type | Country | Cases (SC/control) | Eligibility criteria (mean NIHSS) | Time onset to SC infusion | Cell type | Cells dose | Route of administration | Other treatments | Follow-up | Outcomes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reperfusion interventions (%) | Antithrombotic treatment (%) | Rehabilitation theory (%) | |||||||||||
Bang 2005 [11] | RCT | South Korea | 5/25 | NIHSS ≥ 7 (10.6), MCA territory | 32 to 61 days | Autologous MSCs | 5 × 107, twice | i.v. | Thrombolytics (20%) | Antiplatelet (76.7%), anticoagulant (23.3%) | Mean 57.3  days (100%) | 12 months | Infarcted volumes, NIHSS, mRS, BI, safety outcomes |
Bhatia 2018 [17] | RCT | India | 10/10 | NIHSS > 7 (10.5), MCA territory | Mean 10 days | Autologous BMMNCs | Mean 6.1 × 108 | i.a. ipsilateral MCA | Thrombolytics (5%) | NG | NG | 6 months | NIHSS, mRS, BI, safety outcomes |
Chen 2014 [18] | RCT | China | 15/15 | NIHSS 9–20 (9.3) with motor deficits, MCA territory | 6 months to 5 years | Autologous PBSCs | 3–8 × 106 | Stereotaxic implantation | NG | Antiplatelet (100%) | Mean 75.6  days (100%) | 12 months | NIHSS, mRS, ESS, EMS, safety outcomes |
Fang 2019 [19] | RCT | China | 10/6 | NIHSS ≥ 7 (14.9), MCA territory | Mean 33.5 days | Autologous EPSs (50%), autologous MSCs (50%) | 2.5 × 106/kg, twice | i.v. | None | Antiplatelet (62.5%), anticoagulant (37.5%) | NG | 4 years | NIHSS, mRS, BI, SSS, safety outcomes |
Hess 2017 [20] | RCT | UK and USA | 67/62 | NIHSS 8–20 (12.8), MCA territory, infarct size between 5 and 100 cc3 | 24 to 48 h | Allogeneic multipotent adult progenitor cells (MultiStem) | 1.2 × 109 | i.v. | Thrombolytics (45.7%), thrombectomy (22.5%), both (13.2%) | NG | NG | 12 months | NIHSS, mRS, BI, safety outcomes |
Jin 2017 [21] | RCT | China | 10/10 | NIHSS 4–31 (10.7) | 3 weeks to 5 months | Autologous BMMNCs | 1 × 107 | Subarachnoid infusion | NG | Antiplatelet | NG | 7 years | BI, mRS, FIM, Fugl-Meyer motor scale, adverse reactions |
Lee 2010 [22] | RCT | South Korea | 16/36 | Modified NIHSS ≥ 7 (10.63), MCA territory | 4 to 9 weeks | Autologous MSCs | 5 × 107, twice | i.v. | Thrombolytics (34.5%) | NG | More than 2 weeks (38.4%) | 5 years | mRS, safety outcomes |
Prasad 2014 [23] | RCT | India | 60/60 | NIHSS ≥ 7 (11), anterior circulation | Mean 18.5 days | Autologous MSCs | Mean 2.8 × 108 | i.v. | None | NG | NG | 12 months | NIHSS, mRS, BI, safety outcomes |
Savitz 2019 [24] | RCT | USA | 29/19 | NIHSS ≤ 22 (10), mRS ≥ 3, MCA territory | 13 to 19 days | Autologous bone marrow derived ALDHbr cells (ALD-401) | Mean 3.08 × 106 | i.a. ipsilateral ICA | Thrombolytics (27.6%), thrombectomy (17.2%) | NG | NG | 12 months | mRS, NIHSS, BI, EQ-5D, safety outcomes |
Bhasin 2012 [25] | NRS | India | 12/12 | NIHSS 4–15 | 3 months to 2 years | Autologous BMMNCs | Mean 5.46 × 107 | i.v. | NG | NG | 8 weeks (100%) | 24 weeks | Modified BI, Fugl-Meyer scale for upper limbs, MRC grade, Ashworth tone scale, safety outcomes, functional MRI |
Bhasin 2013 [26] | NRS | India | 20/20 | NIHSS 4–15 | 3 months to 2 years | Autologous MSCs (30%), autologous BMMNCs (70%) | Mean 5.54 × 107 | i.v. | NG | NG | 8 weeks (100%) | 24 weeks | Modified BI, Fugl-Meyer scale for upper limbs, MRC grade, Ashworth tone scale, Edinburgh handedness inventory, safety outcomes |
Bhasin 2016 [27] | NRS | India | 10/10 | NIHSS 4–15 | 3 months to 1.5 years | Autologous BMMNCs | Mean 6.28 × 107 | i.v. | NG | NG | 8 weeks (100%) | 8 weeks | Modified BI, Fugl-Meyer scale for upper limbs, MRC grade, Ashworth tone scale, Edinburgh handedness inventory, serum growth factors, safety outcomes |
Bhasin 2017 [28] | NRS | India | 6/6 | NIHSS 4–15 | 3 months to 2 years | Autologous MSCs | Mean 5–6 × 107 | i.v. | NG | NG | 8 weeks (100%) | 4 years | Modified BI, Fugl-Meyer scale for upper limbs, MRC grade, Ashworth tone scale, safety outcomes |
Ghali 2016 [29] | NRS | Egypt | 21/18 | NIHSS 4–20 (10.8), MCA territory | 12 to 32 days | Autologous BMMNCs | 1 × 106 | i.a. ipsilateral ICA | None | NG | NG | 12 months | NIHSS, mRS, BI, modified and standardized Arabic version of the Comprehensive Aphasia Test, radiological and safety outcomes |
Meng 2009 [30] | NRS | China | 60/60 | Ischemia stroke | Mean 21 days | Autologous MSCs | Mean 2.97 × 109 | i.v. | NG | Antiplatelet | 8 weeks (100%) | 6 months | Fugl-Meyer motor scale, FIM safety outcomes |
Moniche 2012 [31] | NRS | Spain | 10/10 | NIHSS ≥ 8 (15.6), MCA territory | 5 to 9 days | Autologous BMMNCs | Mean 3.38 × 106 | i.a. ipsilateral MCA | Thrombolysis (30%) | NG | NG | 6 months | NIHSS, mRS, BI, safety outcomes |