Fig. 2

Stem cell characterization after subculture of overconfluent/multilayered COL-XFM cells. a Phase-contrast images of the subcultured COL-XFM and XFM cells. Scale bars, 100 μm. The subcultured COL-XFM cells were subjected to the following evaluations: b karyotyping, c evaluation of common stem cell marker antigens by flow cytometry, d reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to confirm gene expression profile of common stem cell markers, and e confirmation of multidifferentiation potential: cells were differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages as determined by alizarin red staining (ALZ) and oil red O staining (ORO), respectively. Scale bars, 100 μm in ALZ and control images in upper panels; 50 μm in ORO and control images in lower panels