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Fig. 4 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Respective stemness and chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human bone marrow, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid

Fig. 4

Histological and immunohistochemical analyses at D28 of collagen sponges seeded with advanced OA human BM-, SM-, and SF-MSCs under ITS and TGF-β1. a The proteoglycan content was visualized by Alcian blue staining, and type II collagen was highlighted by immunohistochemistry. The scale bars represent 400 μm. All observations were carried out on three different samples for each culture condition and for each patient. b For densitometry measurement of Alcian blue staining and type II collagen, statistical analysis was performed with a t test to evaluate the effect of TGF-β1 versus ITS for each cellular group separately and was followed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test on all values to evaluate the difference in GAG production between all cellular groups. Asterisks represent a significant difference versus control condition (ITS 1%); ***p < 0.001. Hash signs represent a significant difference between cellular group; ###p < 0.001

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