Table 2 Nanomaterial’s use in mesenchymal stem cells

Polymeric NMs

Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-bovine albumin serum (PLGA-BSA)

Increase osteogenesis, decrease adipogenesis differentiation

[124]

Ceramic NMs

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs (20 nm))

Enhance osteogenic differentiation

[125]

Carbon NMs

SWCNTs

Enhance adipogenic, osteogenic

[126]

Carbon NMs

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets

Enhance osteogenic differentiation

[127]

Metal/metal oxide NMs

Chitosan-gold nanoparticle (AuNPs)

Enhance osteogenic differentiation

[128]

Metal/metal oxide NMs

BSA-AuNPs (70, 100 nm)

Enhance osteogenic differentiation

[129]

Metal/metal oxide NMs

BSA-AuNPs (40 nm)

Decrease osteogenic differentiation

[129]

Metal/metal oxide NMs

BSA-coated gold nanorods (70 nm)

Enhance osteogenic differentiation

[129]

Metal/metal oxide NMs

Polyethylene glycol-gold nanoparticles PEG-AuNPs (4 nm)

Decrease osteogenic differentiation

[130]

Metal/metal oxide NMs

Gold nanoparticles, carboxylic acid (AuNP–COOH) (17 nm)

Decrease osteogenic differentiation

[131]

Metal/metal oxide NMs

Zincoxide (ZnO NPs)

Enhance osteogenic differentiation

[132]